# Cardiovascular Disorders Cardiovascular Disorders (CVD) are diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. They are identified as the leading cause of untimely death worldwide. These disorders often involve issues with and the . ### Thrombosis and Embolism **Thrombosis:** The formation of a clotted mass of blood within a blood vessel or the heart during life. **Thrombus:** The actual clotted mass of blood that forms within a vessel or the heart. It is the product of the process of thrombosis. **Embolism:** The occlusion (closure or blockage) of some part of the cardiovascular system by any mass that is transported to that site through the bloodstream. **Embolus (plural: emboli):** A detached intravascular solid, liquid, or gaseous mass that originates from one site and is carried by the blood to a site distant from its point of origin, where it can cause an occlusion. **Thromboemboli:** Approximately 99% of emboli arise from the dislodgement of thrombi and are specifically termed thromboemboli. **Consequence:** Both thrombi and emboli are significant pathological events that can lead to death due to their ability to block vital blood flow to organs. This can result in severe conditions such as . ### Atherosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis is a specific type of arteriosclerosis. It involves the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on your artery walls (plaque), which can restrict blood flow. ### Angina Pectoris Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort caused when your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. It may feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. ### Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) A myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. This is often a progression from the being interrupted by a blockage. ### Hypertension Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It is often regulated by .